35 research outputs found
An ontology-based approach supporting holistic structural design with the consideration of safety, environmental impact and cost
Early stage decision-making for structural design critically influences the overall cost and environmental performance of buildings and infrastructure. However, the current approach often fails to consider the multi-perspectives of structural design, such as safety, environmental issues and cost in a comprehensive way. This paper presents a holistic approach based on knowledge processing (ontology) to facilitate a smarter decision-making process for early design stage by informing designers of the environmental impact and cost along with safety considerations. The approach can give a reasoning based quantitative understanding of how the design alternatives using different concrete materials can affect the ultimate overall performance. Embodied CO2 and cost are both considered along with safety criteria as indicative multi-perspectives to demonstrate the novelty of the approach. A case study of a concrete structural frame is used to explain how the proposed method can be used by structural designers when taking multi performance criteria into account. The major contribution of the paper lies on the creation of a holistic knowledge base which links through different knowledge across sectors to enable the structural engineer to come up with much more comprehensive decisions instead of individual single objective targeted delivery
Tumor characteristics considered relevant to classify patients at high risk of disease progression.
<p>Tumor characteristics considered relevant to classify patients at high risk of disease progression.</p
Selection of exams at diagnosis and during follow-up according to the risk of disease progression.
<p>Selection of exams at diagnosis and during follow-up according to the risk of disease progression.</p
Selection of exams independently of the risk of disease relapse.
<p>Selection of exams independently of the risk of disease relapse.</p
Unudjested Kaplan-Meier curves for Event-free Survival (A) and Overall Survival (B) according to beta-3-tubulin.
<p>Unudjested Kaplan-Meier curves for Event-free Survival (A) and Overall Survival (B) according to beta-3-tubulin.</p
A] strong positive beta-3-tubulin expression versus absence cores B) 2+ beta-3-tubulin expression.
<p>A] strong positive beta-3-tubulin expression versus absence cores B) 2+ beta-3-tubulin expression.</p
Unudjested Kaplan-Meier curves for Event-free Survival (A) and Overall Survival (B) according to the combination of c-Myc and beta-3-tubulin.
<p>Unudjested Kaplan-Meier curves for Event-free Survival (A) and Overall Survival (B) according to the combination of c-Myc and beta-3-tubulin.</p
Univariate analysis for Event Free Survival (EFS).
<p>vs: versus; G: grade; IHC: immunohistochemistry.</p><p>Univariate analysis for Event Free Survival (EFS).</p
Outcome results according to tumor size and nodal involvement.
<p>DFS: disease free survival; OS: overall survival; yrs: years; n.e.: not evaluable (too few patients).</p><p>Outcome results according to tumor size and nodal involvement.</p
A] c-Myc iperexpression (2+); B] absence of expression of c-Myc.
<p>A] c-Myc iperexpression (2+); B] absence of expression of c-Myc.</p